Creation of Traffic Light Circuit

Creation of Traffic Light Circuit Introduction Traffic lights or traffic signals is used to control the traffic and to supervised motorist and pedestrians. The lights alternate accorded to users by displaying green for go, yellow signal that the light will change to red and red for stop. Without traffic lights there will be a lot of road accidents and traffic congestion. This experiment shows how traffic lights work using Arduino. Materials with Description 5 MM LED (5) Used as an output in the circuit and to know if the code is working. Resistor (220 ohms) (6) An electronic device used to control the current in the circuit. Jumper Wires M/M (13) Used as the connector to different pins in the prototyping board. USB cable (1) Used as the connector from computer to DFRArduino Uno R3. DFRArduino Uno R3 (1) A programmable circuit board. This hardware reads the code uploaded in the computer. Computer (1) Used to write, compile and upload the code to the circuit. Procedure (self-explained) Place the LEDs to the board. Traffic lights for pedestrians, green(1) positive pin at pin J17 and negative pin to pin J16, red(1) positive pin at pin J14 and negative pin to pin J13. 2.Traffic lights for motorist, green(2) positive pin at pin J8 and negative pin to pin J7, yellow positive pin at pin J5 and negative pin to pin J4. red(2) positive pin at pin J2 and negative pin to pin J1. 3. Plot the push button switcher at pin E10,E12, F10 and F12. Place the resistor(1) from D2 to G2, resistor(2) from D5 to G5, resistor(3) from D8 to G8, resistor(4) from D14 to G14, resistor(5) from D17 to G17, resistor(6) from C7 to C10 Connect the jumper wires, wire(1) from A2 to DP 12, wire(2) from A5 to DP 11, wire(3) from A7 to GND, wire(4) from A8 to DP 10, wire(5) from A10 to DP 9, wire(6) from A14 to DP 8, wire(7) from A17 to DP7, wire(8) from C12 to PP 5V, wire(9) from I1 to I4, wire(10) from H4 to H7, wire(11) from I7 to I13, wire(12) from H13 to H16, and wire(13) from I16 to GND. 6. Connect the USB cable to the computer and the circuit, compile the code then upload. Circuit Diagram Code Code Analysis int carRed = 12;, int carYellow = 11;, int carGreen = 10; this is the initialization of pins for motorists traffic lights. int button = 9; the initialization of the pushbutton connected to the Arduino. int pedRed = 8;, int pedGreen = 7; the initialization of pins for pedestrian lights. int crossTime = 5000; sets 5 seconds for the pedestrian LED to lit. pinMode(pinType,OUTPUT); pinType sets what pin to use, LEDs in this circuit serves as output. pinMode(button, INPUT); the input in the circuit came from the push button switcher. int state = digitalRead(button); reads if the push button switcher is pushed/pressed or not. if (state == HIGH) (millis() changeTime) > 5000){à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦} a condition that checks if the push button switchern was pressed 5 seconds and then call the method changeLights(). void changeLights(){à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦} in this method, it indicates the sequence lights when it will lit and shows how car/motorist and pedestrian traffic lights work. delay(2000); delays for 2 seconds before it the green light changes to yellow light and delay(1000); delay for a second before it goes red. changeTime = millis(); this stores the current time in milliseconds to changeTime by calling millis(). Comparison of Code vs. Hardware Output The code manipulate, manages and provides the output for the hardware. In this experiment if you push or press the push button switcher it changes its lights in a of set time and this shows how traffic lights works. Recommendation/Enhancement We can use this traffic light experiment to create mini traffic lights inside the car or motor. In that case the motorist farther on the traffic light will also know the signal.

Presentation and Role of Religion in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay

Chronicle of a Death Foretold is set in Columbia, where the extreme theocentricity means every character’s actions are intrinsically affected by religion. Whilst Marquez also explores much deeper religious issues, the action of the novel centres on the God-fearing townspeople allowing the murder of Santiago Nasar, which clearly contradicts the Christian commandment ‘Thou shalt not kill’1 Since female virginity is so venerated in the Catholic faith, when Santiago is accused of taking Angela Vicario’s virginity, her life would be worthless without it, and Angela’s brothers are charged with redeeming her honour. The novel can boil down to the assertion that a man died because of the teaching of both the Catholic Church, and the embedded paganistic values that are subliminally prioritised. The novel presents characters using religion to give meaning to their lives, and Marquez satirises this role accordingly2. Evidence of Marquez’s satire of religion’s malfunctioning role is; â€Å"If God hadn’t rested on Sunday, he would have had time to finish the world. †3 There is a subtle sense that Marquez hopes to probe and engage the reader’s opinions on religion by displaying both sides of the argument in his characters – those that are superstitious, and those who are religious. In practice, most characters are of both camps, which points to a mockery of religion. The theme of mockery is perhaps the strongest idea relating to religion to be conveyed by the novel. As an atheist, Marquez appears dedicated to accentuating the hypocrisies of the Catholic Church, saying himself, â€Å"Fiction was invented the day Jonas arrived home and told his wife he was three days late because he had been swallowed by a whale. †4 This satirical quote highlights Marquez’s belief in the deceit of the Church, even from its conception; strongly suggesting the whole business is fraudulent. Marquez’s use of Christian references and symbolism lend a deeper meaning to the text, implicating the characters and events at a subtextual level. The majority of the character’s names are theological, however it is more revealing to note some of the names that do not hold religious connotations, such as Placida Linero5, who is a well known â€Å"(dream) interpreter†6, and Luisa Santiaga, a notorious precognitive. These are two older members of the community who prioritise superstition and the paranormal over religion; therefore indicating a revival of paganism. Perhaps Marquez is suggesting that paganism is constantly just beneath the surface of South American culture, since honour is a remnant of paganism which has survived colonisation and the introduction of Catholicism. That religious authorities were powerless to stop Santiago’s murder (even if they had wanted to) indicates that the underlying pagan culture is the stronger. A fascinating double standard is the town prostitute, Maria Alejandrina Cervantes, in whom Marquez has chosen to represent the Virgin Mary, the most pure and chaste woman. This character maternally mourns Santiago’s death. In fact, Maria’s role extends far beyond prostitution. Although she â€Å"did away with our (Santiago’s) generation’s virginity†7, she is described as apostolic, and is repeatedly reported as having taught the young males crucial lessons about marriage, love and life. The character that ran about the town minutes before Santiago’s death, attempting to warn him is ‘Cristo Bedoya’. ‘Cristo’ means ‘bearer of Christ’; in a sense, Cristo bears the burden of Santiago’s death. Santiago’s ranch, the ‘Divine Face’ is almost a pun, being a derivation of the phrase ‘Divine Countenance’, which means ‘the Face of God’. Perhaps a further mockery of Catholicism is the idea that ‘the Face of God’ was passed on by an Arab (who, presumably, was not Christian). The significance of these Biblical names is to enable the reader, especially a Western reader, a reference point, since they will already be familiar with the theological implications, but unfamiliar with the South American culture. The reader will also discern the scores of parallels able to be drawn between Santiago and Jesus Christ, making Santiago a literary ‘Christ-figure’. Both were somewhat outcast, in Santiago’s case because he was not a native Columbian. This makes it easier for the town to allow Santiago’s death, and make him the scapegoat. The town’s unwillingness to save Santiago is similar to the Jews choosing to have Jesus killed rather than a murderer. In both cases, those who had the chance to save the innocent man felt terrible afterwards. Jesus had foretold his own death, and although Santiago was blissfully unaware of his demise until it befell him, the narrator states ‘never was there a death more foretold. ’ In dying for the sake of Angela Vicario’s honour, Santiago is sacrificed for the sins of others, which was also Jesus’ purpose in dying. In addition, the seven fatal wounds Santiago suffers probably represent the Seven Deadly sins. Even the way in which Santiago was murdered is akin to the Romans’ killing of Jesus. â€Å"The knife went through the palm of his right hand and then sank into his side up to the hilt. †8 The Romans ensured their victims were dead by stabbing them in the side, their hands having been pierced by being nailed to the crucifix. Incidentally, the Vicarios’ knives â€Å"kept coming out clean†9, which denotes Santiago’s innocence. This is amplified by his Christ-like appearance that day, dressed in white. Finally, since Santiago eventually dies in the kitchen, this could reflect the image of eating the body of Christ in the Catholic mass. Since the chronicle is written twenty-seven years after Santiago’s death, the reader is able to observe with a degree of objectivity the affect it had on the townspeople’s lives. One in particular is the town mayor, Colonel Lazaro Aponte, who as a result of the incident became â€Å"a spiritualist. †10 His faith was not the only character’s to falter under the strain of justifying murder. In fact, the faith of the older generation seemed already to have dwindled, as is notable in Placida and Luisa. The younger generation, including the narrator and Angela follow suit, as Angela states â€Å"The only thing I prayed to God for was to give me the courage to kill myself†¦but he didn’t give it to me. †11 She also resents the gluttony of the Church12, asserting that she â€Å"didn’t want to be blessed by a man who only cut off the combs for soup and threw the rest of the rooster in the garbage. †13 Angela’s radical discontent with the Church is presumably Marquez’s suggestion of a wider disillusionment with religion, beginning to seep through the more contemplative members of the novel’s characters, and perhaps even the real South American people. The immoral waste that Angela refers to is part of a much wider hypocritical routine. This includes the â€Å"mechanical†14 blessing the Bishop bestows upon the town as he passes by, not bothering even to stop the boat to greet his flock. This event indicates the Church has long-since ceased to be a charitable establishment, and is now effectively a totalitarian state. One under the directive of the Bishop was the narrator’s sister; â€Å"My sister the nun, who wasn’t going to wait for the bishop because she had an eighty-proof hangover. †15 In addition, the juxtaposition of the Virgin Mary’s name with the local prostitute, who lives â€Å"in a house with open doors†16 presents an appalling blasphemy. These two representations go beyond mockery of Catholicism, and enter into sacrilege. Finally, Father Amador says plainly that the Vicario twins are â€Å"perhaps (innocent) before God†17. This embodies the ultimate corruption of the values of the Church – to condone murder and to profess the twins’ innocence directly contradicts the word of the Bible, and critically impairs his pastoral role. The non-linear style of the novel revolves constantly around Santiago’s death, (‘â€Å"They’ve already killed him. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢18 and â€Å"whose sentence has always been written. †19) With each revolution of the spiral story, more detail is displayed and more characters’ recollections revealed. This constant reminder to the reader that Santiago will die, as opposed to a linear story with a final climax, simulates the nature of the killing, with the entire town aware. By placing the reader in the position of those who share in the guilt for Santiago’s death (who (pour) â€Å"in to testify without having been summoned†20), Marquez succeeds in making the reader uneasy, and therefore challenge the morality of the culture and the religion that dictates it, as well as their own nature. The guilty conscience the reader develops cannot be laid to rest, due to the unresolved and ever-present death achieved by the non-linear style. Marquez uses characters to present arguments regarding attitudes towards life, and the religion that presides over them. In particular the rejection of religion in favour of the more traditional paganism, which is beginning to seep through the Columbian society, despite religion’s stranglehold. By Marquez’s characters sharing their opinions, the reader in turn considers his own stance and questions religion’s role, which is no doubt Marquez’s objective. It can be assumed that any reader of the novel would also reach Marquez’s satirical judgement of the role of religion. Bibliography The Bible. King James Version. 1769 Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Chronicle of a Death Foretold. London, Penguin Books, 2007 http://www. goodreads. com/quotes. 2012 Goodreads Inc. Mar G. Berg, Repitions and Reflections in Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. http://authors. library. caltech. edu/18939/1/HumsWP-0110. pdf

A Pestle Analysis for Tesco

A PESTLE analysis for Tesco must consider all the important external factors impacting on the company. These factors may have political, economic, sociological, technological, legal or environmental dimensions. The political analysis must include the impact of local and national government, and the international situation. The Economic analysis needs to investigate the influences of the stock market and tax increases, amongst many other monetary matters. Sociological factors are difficult to suss out. We swim in the â€Å"water† of our culture without recognising it as an important determining factor. And sociological analysis is all about analysing the background culture. Technological factors are usually easier to spot, because new technologies involve change, and change is always noticed. For instance, online shopping has had a major impact on Tesco's recent success. The change created by technological advances often lead to legal problems, which is why legal analysis is always an important part of a PESTLE analysis. Tesco's operations obviously have a significant environmental impact, from fossil fuel use to packaging issues. Reducing the demand on the planet is a challenge for any big company. A PESTLE Analysis for Tesco must look at all the six factors we have mentioned. Here they are again, with examples of each: * political: an increase in unemployment due to a downward turn in the world economy. * economic: impact on sales of the credit crunch. sociological: an increase in immigration from Eastern Europe resulting in a demand for new goods. * technological: how can Tesco take full advantage of the world wide web? * legal: how can Tesco avoid legal opposition to expanding into new high streets * environmental: – climate change is affecting supply and transport, how can Tesco adapt? In summary, any PESTLE Analysis for Tesco must consider all external factors

The Effects Of Global Warming On The World - 1240 Words

In truth, before taking this class I never really cared about the environment, sure I would hear the occasional uproar about the effects of global warming or the growing hole in the ozone layer, however, it was always a non-factor. My passion has always been humans, their problems were my problems and I am always looking for a way to make their lives better. So, the planet may have been dying the ice caps may have been melting, however I always believed that one day humans would solve the problems we had created. So whenever anyone mentioned the damage we had done and continue to do, I always shake it off. However, after taking this class, I now realize how important the environment is to human life, for this a future generation. Modernity†¦show more content†¦However, over time, industrialization would have a dangerous effect on the world’s environment. During the Industrial Revolution would see an increase I environmental pollution, as new sources of fuel was burned such as coal, which fueled factory furnaces, machinery, and steam engines. (Glover 200). As the years continued countries such as Spain, the U.S and the rest of the west would begin to Industrialize, and the increase in pollution would grow exponentially. The movement from an agrarian-urban pattern of life to industrialize city and towns. A blanket of smoke would fill the air, composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other harmful substances. Today, nearly  ¾ of the world, countries are industrialized and with new discovery in oil and a booming consumer demand that requires more goods produced at faster rates, industrialization has created more carbon emissions than the trees and oceans can absorb and the consequences of this is global warming, according to the text Patterns of World History â€Å"Until about the last quarter of the twentieth century the carbon footprint of these countries had risen from 280 parts per million (ppm) pounds---commonly called â€Å"greenhouse gas es†Ã¢â‚¬â€to 330 ppm. Between 1975 and 2010 the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere climbed to 380ppm.† (Sivers, et. al., 1134) Showing that through the emissions of these gases the world is getting hotter. The consequences of a hotter world are changing